Rare Antique Mitchell Map US: showing Confederate Arizona & Territories Framed +

Description: Fantastic Rare Antique Civil War OfferingThe offering includesAntique, Original Mitchell Civil War Era Map of The United States showing the Confederate Territory of ArizonaThe U.S. Territories of Dakota, Nebraska, Washington, Utah, New Mexico&The Indian TerritoryplusTwo Original Civil War Era Postage StampsOne Confederate, One U.S.All professionally matted and displayedwith a beautiful frame & UV protective glass.An Impressive Presentation for any wall. ****In addition There are three antique original Civil War maps documenting and supporting the existence of the almost forgotten and short-lived Confederate Territory of Arizona: Two maps of the Engagement of at Valderde, N.M (one at 12 am & one at 4pm Feb.21, 1862)andA map of the Operations near Fort Craig, NM February 1862.****Below is a detailed description of the all maps with documentation with a short history of the Territory of Confederate Arizona. Confederate ArizonaIn 1861 the Confederate Territory of Arizona established by the Confederate States of America and was formally ratified on January 18, 1862. The Territory was short-lived as in the same year the U.S. government by congressional action did away with its New Mexico Territory counties of Arizona and San Juan and by military action at the Battle of Glorieta Pass effectively eliminated the Confederate State of Arizona. The idea for an Arizona Territory appears as early as 1856, when the government of the Territory of New Mexico began to express concerns about being able to effectively govern the southern part of the territory, as it was separated from Santa Fe by the Ojo del Muerto (Eye of the Dead), a deadly stretch of desert. The New Mexico territorial legislature in February 1858, approved a resolution in favor of creating an Arizona Territory, with a north-south border to be defined along the 32nd parallel. Not waiting for Congress to approve the creation of the new territory, delegates met at a convention in Tucson in April 1860 and drafted a constitution for the "Territory of Arizona", which was to be organized out of the New Mexico Territory below 34th parallel. Congress, however, was reluctant to act. Anti-slavery Representatives knew that the proposed territory was located below the line of demarcation set forth by the Missouri Compromise for the creation of new slave and free states, and they were not inclined to create yet another slave state. As a consequence, Congress never acted on the proceedings of the Tucson convention, and the Provisional Territory was never considered a legal entity. At the beginning of the Civil War, support for the Confederacy ran high in the southern parts of the New Mexico Territory. Local concerns drove this sentiment, including a belief that the war would lead to an insufficient number of Federal troops to protect the citizens from the Apache, while others simply felt neglected by the government in Washington. Also, the Butterfield Overland Mail Route (an overland mail and stagecoach route from Memphis and St. Louis to San Francisco) was closed in 1861, depriving the people of Arizona of their connection to California and the East Coast. All of these factors led to the people of the southern New Mexico Territory, or the Arizona Territory, to formally call for secession, and a convention adopted a secession ordinance on March 16, 1861, with a subsequent ordinance ratified on March 28, establishing the provisional territorial government of the Confederate "Territory of Arizona". The Confederate Arizona Territory was officially proclaimed on August 1, 1861 following Lieutenant-Colonel J. R. Baylor's victory over Union forces in the First Battle of Mesilla, and the territory was officially recognized by the government of the Confederacy on February 14, 1862. By July 1861, Fort Craig had become the largest fort in the Southwest, with over 2,000 soldiers. That same year, several regiments of New Mexico Volunteers were established to handle the new threat posed by the Confederate Army of New Mexico. In September 1861, a cavalry force of about 100 men set out from Fort Craig and skirmished with rebels at Cañada Alamosa. The Battle of Cañada Alamosa was one of several small battles to occur in Confederate Arizona (which included what's now southern New Mexico, and had Mesilla as its capital). During the early spring of 1862, Confederate forces, under the command of Gen. Henry H. Sibley, established control over the New Mexico territory. Sibley moved north up the Rio Grande River towards Union-held Fort Craig. In February 1862, all five regiments of New Mexico Volunteers were sent south from Fort Union to reinforce Fort Craig and to wait for the Confederate advance up the Rio Grande. After capturing several military installations in the newly established Confederate Territory of Arizona, Brigadier General Sibley led his enthusiastic but poorly equipped brigade of about 2,500 Confederate Army of New Mexico men. On February 7, 1862, the Army of New Mexico left Fort Fillmore and headed north towards Fort Craig, but marched well around the fort after the Union Army refused to do battle on the plain in front of the fort. On Fort Craig's massive gravel bastions were mounted "Quaker guns" (wooden fake cannons) with empty soldiers' caps alongside the real cannons and real Union troops. This impressive ruse squelched Sibley's plans for a direct assault on Fort Craig. Furthermore, Sibley did not have the heavy artillery necessary for a siege against the heavily fortified and defended fort. On February 21, 1862, the Union troops led by Colonel Edward Canby and the Confederate Army of New Mexico of Brigadier General Sibley first met at the Battle of Valverde, a crossing of the Rio Grande just north of the fort. Both sides took heavy casualties. At the end of the day, the Confederates held the field of battle, but the Union still held Fort Craig. The Battle of Valverde is considered a Confederate victory. However, the New Mexico Volunteers, under the command of Colonel Miguel Pino, found the Confederates' lightly guarded supply wagons and burned them. Sibley was forced to march further north without the supplies he had hoped to take from Fort Craig. On February 23, 1862, the Confederate forces marched around the Union Army and headed for Albuquerque.After spotting a Federal column heading his way, the Confederates formed a battle line near Glorieta Pass. Once the two sides met, the Rebels' larger force quickly defeated the Federal column, pushing them out of the Pass. However, the victory was cut short when Federal forces destroyed their supply wagons, forcing them to retreat. This in effect ended the Southern invasion. Confederate army moved north and entered Albuquerque on March 2, 1862, only to find that Union forces had removed or destroyed almost all the military supplies there. Nevertheless, Gen. Henry H. Sibley established his headquarters in the city and sent an advance party to occupy Santa Fe to secure additional supplies. However, by July 1862, Union forces from California, known as the "California Column" were marching on the territorial capital of Mesilla. Sent to protect California from a possible Confederate incursion, the 'California Column' drove Confederate forces out of the city, allowing them to retreat to Franklin, Texas. The territorial government fled as well and spent the rest of the war in exile. First, they retreated to Franklin, then, after Confederate forces abandoned Franklin and all of West Texas, to San Antonio, where the government-in-exile would spend the rest of the war. Confederate units from Arizona would fight for the rest of the war, and the delegate from Arizona attended both the First and Second Confederate Congresses. NOTE: Prior it to theses events the almost 30,000-square-mile that comprised the short-lived Confederate Arizona Territory was still part of Mexico. In 1854, however, it was acquired by the U.S. under the Treaty of Mesilla and known as the Gadsden Purchase. The first draft was signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico, and by Antonio López de Santa Ana, president of Mexico. The U.S. Senate voted in favor of ratifying it with amendments on April 25, 1854. The purchase was the last substantial territorial acquisition in the contiguous United States and defined the Mexico–United States border to this day. Due to the brevity to the existence to the Confederate State of Arizona and the fact it the territory was never recognized by the U.S. government, very few maps were made showing its existence. Added to the fact Mitchell Atlas' had a lower production during the Civil War this U.S. map appears to be quite rare. Other significant features of the U.S. map regarding the territories and the Civil War: Indian Territory During the Civil War, Native-American tribes in the Indian Territory fought for both sides. Union and Confederate troops with Indian units frequently skirmished on the eastern plains of the territory for control of river crossings and forts. Many fights occurred near Union-controlled Fort Gibson on the Arkansas River. The river valley was an avenue of approach into the territory from Arkansas, and the important Over Land Mail Route that crossed the river nearby (seen on the map by the unlabeled double line). A band of Confederates under Cherokee Indian leader Colonel Stand Watie led an unsuccessfully ambushed against a Union supply column headed for Fort Gibson at Cabin Creek on July 1, 1863. Two weeks later, the Union commander, General James G. Blunt with a regiment from the Choctaw and Chickasaw tribes moved against the remaining Confederates on July 17 and forced it to retreat. Clearing the Confederates from the territory Blunt captured Fort Smith on September 1. Fort Smith remained a Union outpost on the Arkansas River for the remainder of the war, and with the river under Union control, Confederate raids into Indian Territory virtually ended. Dakota Territory Dakota Territory was not directly involved in the American Civil War but did raise some troops to defend the settlements following the Dakota War of 1862 which triggered hostilities with the Sioux tribes of Dakota Territory. The Department of the Northwest sent expeditions into Dakota Territory in 1863, 1864 and 1865. It also established forts in Dakota Territory to protect the frontier settlements of the Territory, Iowa and Minnesota and the traffic along the Missouri River. Nebraska TerritoryThe Territory of Nebraska was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from May 30, 1854, until March 1, 1867, when the final extent of the territory was admitted to the Union as the State of Nebraska. The Nebraska Territory was created by the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854. The territorial capital was Omaha. The territory encompassed areas of what is today Nebraska, Wyoming, South Dakota, North Dakota, Colorado, and Montana. The Kansas-Nebraska Act was an 1854 bill that mandated “popular sovereignty”–allowing settlers of a territory to decide whether slavery would be allowed within a new state’s borders. Proposed by Stephen A. Douglas–Abraham Lincoln’s opponent in the influential Lincoln-Douglas debates–the bill overturned the Missouri Compromise’s use of latitude as the boundary between slave and free territory. The conflicts that arose between pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers in the aftermath of the act’s passage led to the period of violence known as Bleeding Kansas, and helped pave the way for the American Civil War (1861-65). Washington TerritoryThe original boundaries of the territory included all of the present day State of Washington, as well as northern Idaho and Montana west of the continental divide. On the admission of the State of Oregon to the union in 1859, the eastern portions of the Oregon Territory, including southern Idaho, portions of Wyoming west of the continental divide, and a small portion of present-day Ravalli County, Montana were annexed to the Washington Territory. The southeastern tip of the territory (in present-day Wyoming) was sent to Nebraska Territory on March 2, 1861.On the issue of secession, there was little ambivalence. The economic imperative used to justify slavery in the South was absent in Washington Territory. What people were concerned about was the splitting of the United States into separate and warring nations. The territory was organized by an Organic Act of Congress in 1850, on the same day that the State of California was admitted to the Union and the New Mexico Territory was added for the southern portion of the former Mexican land. The creation of the territory was part of the Compromise of 1850 that sought to preserve the balance of power between slave and free states. With the exception of a small area around the headwaters of the Colorado River in present-day Colorado, the United States had acquired all the land of the territory from Mexico with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848. Utah TerritoryThe territory was organized by an Organic Act of Congress in 1850, on the same day that the State of California was admitted to the Union and the New Mexico Territory was added for the southern portion of the former Mexican land. The creation of the territory was part of the Compromise of 1850 that sought to preserve the balance of power between slave and free states. With the exception of a small area around the headwaters of the Colorado River in present-day Colorado, the United States had acquired all the land of the territory from Mexico with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo of 1848. No battles were waged in the Utah Territory, nor did Utah send troops for either side. But despite its lack of involvement in the Civil War, Utah’s loyalty in that conflict was of major interest to leaders in Washington as part of the larger struggle for control over the western territories. Those who doubted Utah’s loyalty did so because Mormons remained openly bitter about being driven from the United States, and were alienated from mainstream America by polygamy. However, Mormon leader Brigham Young was anxious to affirm Utah’s loyalty to the Union. In 1861 he telegraphed the following message to President Lincoln, "Utah has not seceded, but is firm for the Constitution and laws of our once happy country." The following year, Young attempted to secure Statehood for Utah, believing that the best show of allegiance was trying to get into the Union, while others were trying to get out. Documentation of the maps in this offering The U.S. map comes fromMitchell's School AtlasDesigned to Accompany Mitchell's School and Family AtlasPublished byE. H. Butler & Co.Philadelphia1861(Photos of cover and title page are not part of the sale but only for documentation of origin of the map.) Samuel Augustus Mitchell (1790-1868)Samuel Augustus Mitchell was a renown American geographer. Born in Connecticut he worked as a geography teacher but soon realizing there were only poor quality geographical resources available to teachers he turned to publishing. He moved to Philadelphia, a major center for publishing at the time, around 1830 and founded his company. It becoming one of the leading map and atlas publishers of the nineteenth century. His son S. Augustus Mitchell become owner in 1860. *****The 3 Antique Maps Supporting Evidence of the Confederate Arizona Territory Map 1 & 2Engagement of Velverde, N. Mex. TerritoryFebruary 21, 1862at 12:00 am & at 4:00 pmMap 3Operations Near Fort Craig, N.Mex. TerritoryFebruary 1862 These maps is are original, antique maps Nos.1-3 (not reproductions) sections from Plate XII a folio page of maps from the Atlas to Accompany the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies Commissioned by Resolution of Congress May 19, 1864,in accordance to serve as the official historical record of the war.It was published between 1891-1895(title page of this alas shown in photo is not part of offering)The atlas from which this map was taken still remains the definitive source of Civil War information available. The Atlas was never publicly sold but exclusively distributed to federal depositories, universities, museums and various public institutions until they were withdrawn from these institutions and entered the public domain years later. These antique maps would frame-up nicely and could supplement the Mitchell map display. A great find for anyone who collectsantiques mapsand/orconducting historical research of theAmerican Civil War in the Southwest This offeringMakes An Impressive Display

Price: 1500 USD

Location: Bar Harbor, Maine

End Time: 2024-09-19T18:32:12.000Z

Shipping Cost: N/A USD