July 1914: Soldiers, Statesmen and the Coming of the Great War

Description: July 1914: Soldiers, Statesmen and the Coming of the Great War A Brief Documentary History by Samuel R. Williamson Jr. and Russel Van Wyk Bedford, 2003, 0312120109, Trade Paperback, Fine condition, no marks, no underlining, no highlighting, no creases, like new condition. 284 pages. The Bedford Series in History and Culture The Bedford Series in History and Culture Advisory Editors: Natalie Zemon Davis, Ernest R. May, Lynn Hunt, and David W. Blight Historians have long sought to explain how the world descended into war in the wake of the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife on June 28, 1914. Focusing on the interactions between two key leaders one civilian and one military in each of the Great Powers and Serbia, this documentary history explores how individuals, not monolithic governments and impersonal forces, contributed to the rapidly escalating crisis leading to World War I. A brief introduction outlines the background for July 1914, followed by seven chapters on events in each of the major nations involved, interwoven with over 70 documents including memoirs, diaries, telegrams, press reports, and private letters to illustrate how the crisis developed. An epilogue addresses the relative roles and influence of civilian and military leaders in leading the nations inexorably along the path to war. The volume also contains 14 images and two maps, a chronology, a glossary of key figures, Selected Bibliography, Questions for Consideration, and an index. Prepublication praise for July 1914: Soldiers, Statesmen, and the Coming of the Great War "This text is proof that solid scholarship can be presented in a manner that engages undergraduates. The vivid descriptions of the leaders' personalities, prejudices, and predilections help to bring the soldiers and statesmen of the July Crisis alive and serve to explain how and why certain fateful decisions were made." — S. Ross Doughty Ursinus College "This work makes a significant, original, and fascinating contribution, one that will not only enlighten students and scholars but inform today's soldiers and politicians about the urgency of trust, cooperation, and mutual understanding in their work together. This book is a prime example of the relevance of history to contemporary society. Soldiers and citizens, not to speak of political leaders, will ignore the implications at their peril." — Richard H. Kohn, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill About the authors Samuel R. Williamson Jr. is professor of history and vice-chancellor and president emeritus of the University of the South. His most recent books include Austria-Hungary and the Origins of the First World War (1991) and, with Steven L. Rearden, The Origins of U.S. Nuclear Policy, 1945-1953 (1993). He writes frequently about the causes of the First World War, while offering courses on intelligence and foreign policy in the twentieth century. He is currently working on a two-volume study of Austria-Hungary before the Great War. Williamson has held administrative and teaching positions at Harvard University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill as well as the University of the South. Russel Van Wyk teaches at Cary Academy, a college preparatory school, and is an adjunct faculty member in the Curriculum in Peace, War, and Defense at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He is the U.S. editor for the War and Society Newsletter, published by the Military History Research Office in Germany and has written on German-American relations during and after World War I as well as intelligence operations during World War I. He is currently editing Russian and German documents related to Kurt Jahnke, a German intelligence agent active in the United States and western Europe. CONTENTS Foreword Preface LIST OF MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS Introduction: Civil-Military Relations and July 1914 1. July 1914: The Crisis 2. Pasic, Apis, and the Battle for Serbia The Emergence of the Conspirator The Conspirators' Oath, 1902 Stanoje Stanojevic, Description of Apis, 1923 Milan Zivanovic, Assessment of Apis, 1937 The Oath of the Black Hand, 1911 Apis's Implacable Enemy: Nikola Pasic The Plot to Assassinate Archduke Franz Ferdinand Ljuba Jovanovic, On Belgrade's Knowledge of the Conspiracy, 1924 Stojan Protic, Letter to Nikola Pasic, June 15, 1914 Apis, Reply to the Army Commander, June 21, 1914 Otto Gellinek, Report to Franz Conrad von Hotzendorf, June 21, 1914 Panic after the Assassination: The Confrontation with Vienna Serbian Press Comment, The Pijemont, July 1, 1914 Nikola Pasic, Telegram to All Serbian Missions Abroad Except Vienna, July 18-19, 1914 The Habsburg Ultimatum to Serbia, July 23, 1914 Serbia after the Ultimatum Miroslav Spalajkovic, Telegrams to Belgrade, July 24-25, 191 The Serbian Response to Vienna's Ultimatum, July 25, 1914 3. Berchtold and Conrad Push Austria—Hungary to War The Complex Habsburg Inheritance Conrad and Berchtold before Sarajevo: The Struggle for Control Franz Conrad von Hotzendorf, Letter to Gina von Reininghaus, December 26, 1908 Franz Conrad von Hiitzendorf, Letter to Leopold Berchtold, December 23, 1912 Extract of Ministerial Meeting, October 13, 1913 Vienna Resolves to Act Franz Conrad von Hotzendorf, Letter to Gina von Reininghaus, June 28, 1914 Leopold Berchtold, Notes on His Meeting with Franz Conrad von Hotzendorf, June 29, 1914 Franz Conrad von Hiitzendorf, Notes on His Meeting with Leopold Berchtold, June 29, 1914 Franz Conrad von Hotzendorf, Notes on His Audience with Emperor Franz Joseph, July 5, 1914 Minutes of the Common Ministerial Council, July 7, 1914 Minutes of the Common Ministerial Council, July 19, 1914 The Last Steps to War 4. Bethmann, Moltke, and German Support for Vienna Bismarck, Kaiser Wilhelm II, and Germany's Weltpolitik Constitution of the German Reich, Articles 60 and 63, 1871 Wilhelm II, Comments on Weltpolitik, 1900 Military Influence in Pre-1914 Germany Heinrich von Treitschke, Politics, 1897-1898 Friedrich von Bernhardi, Germany and the Next War, 1914 Bethmann Hollweg and the Struggle to Control the Military Wilhelm II, Memoirs, 1922 Moltke Prepares for War Alfred von Schlieffen, Memorandum, December 28, 1912 Helmuth von Moltke, Letter to Eliza von Moltke, August 19, 1911 Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, Letter to Prince Lichnowsky, June 16, 1914 Prince Lichnowsky, Letter to Berlin, June 24, 1914 Arthur von Zimmermann, Letter to Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, June 27, 1914 Berlin and the July Crisis Ladislaus Szogyeny-Marich, Telegram to Vienna, July 5, 1914 Erich von Falkenhayn, Letter to Helmuth von Moltke, July 5, 1914 Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, Telegram to Vienna, July 6, 1914 Kurt Riezler, Diary Entries, July 7, 1914 Helmuth von Moltke, Memorandum to Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg, July 29, 1914 Hermann von Santen, Memoirs, ca. 1920s Philip Scheidmann, Memoirs, 1929 5. Sazonov, Sukhomlinov, and the Russian Escalation of the Crisis Reform and Reaction in Russia Strategic Policy before 1914 Nicholas II, Letter to His Mother, March 18, 1909 Serge Sazonov, Memoirs, 1928 Serge Sazonov, Memoirs, 1928 Governmental Structure and Public Expectations George Buchanan, Letter to London, March 18, 1914 Civil-Military Decision Makers in 1914 Sergei Witte, Memoirs, 1912 Vladimir Gurko, Features and Figures of the Past, 1939 Vladimir Sukhomlinov, Memoirs, 1924 Serge Sazonov, Memoirs, 1928 Sergei Witte, Memoirs, 1912 William Fuller, Civil-Military Conflict in Imperial Russia, 1985 Saint Petersburg after the Sarajevo Assassinations Maurice Paleologue, Memoirs, July 20, 1914 Journal of the Russian General Staff Committee, July 25, 1914 Nicholas II, Diary, July 25, 1914 Vladimir Sukhomlinov, Memoirs, 1924 Maurice Paleologue, Memoirs, July 29, 1914 Nicholas II, Telegram to Wilhelm II, July 29, 1914, 1:00 A.M. Wilhelm II, Telegram to Nicholas II, July 28, 1914, Sent July 29, 1:45 A.M. Wilhelm II, Telegram to Nicholas II, July 29, 1914, 6:30 P.M. Nicholas II, Telegram to Wilhelm II, July 29, 1914, 8:20 P.M. Nicholas II, Telegram to Wilhelm II, July 30, 1914, 1:20 A.M. Wilhelm II, Telegram to Nicholas II, July 30, 1914, 1:20 A.M. Russian Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Diary, July 30, 1914 Nicholas II, Telegram to Wilhelm II, July 31, 1914 Wilhelm II, Telegram to Nicholas II, July 31, 1914, Berlin Maurice Paleologue, Memoirs, November 21, 1914 Rasputin, A Warning, 1914 6. San Giuliano, Cadorna, and Italian Neutrality The Triple Alliance and Italian Politics Anatol Kupensky, Letter to Saint Petersburg, June 30, 1914 Rennell Rodd, Letter to London, July 7, 1914 Luigi Albertini, The Origins of the War of 1914, 1953 Constitutional Arrangements and Civil-Military Relations Foreign and Domestic Policy on the Eve of War Fifth Treaty of the Triple Alliance between Austria—Hungary, the German Empire, and Italy, December 5, 1912, Vienna San Giuliano before the Ultimatum to Serbia Antonino di San Giuliano, Telegrams to Saint Petersburg and Belgrade, July 14, 1914, 2:30 P.M. Antonino di San Giuliano, Telegrams to Vienna, Berlin, Saint Petersburg, and Belgrade, July 16, 1914, 3:15 P.M. Riccardo Bollati, Letter to Antonino di San Giuliano, July 8, 1914 Antonino di San Giuliano, Letter to Berlin, July 14, 1914 The Road to Neutrality Antonino di San Giuliano, Telegrams to Vienna and Berlin, July 24, 1914 Antonino di San Giuliano, Letter to King Vittorio Emmanuel, July 24, 1914 Antonino di San Giuliano, Telegrams to Vienna and Berlin, July 27, 1914, 3:35 A.M. and 12:10 P.M. George Seldes, Mussolini and the War, July 1914 Benito Mussolini, My Autobiography, 1928 Antonino di San Giuliano, Letter to Giovanni Giolitti, August 3, 1914 Giovanni Giolitti, Letter to Antonino di San Giuliano, August 5, 1914 General Cadorna's Confused Reaction to the Crisis Giuseppe Avarna, Telegram to Antonino di San Giuliano, July 28, 1914, Arrived July 29, 7:15 A.M. Franz Conrad von Hotzendorf, Letter to Luigi Cadorna, August 1, 1914 Luigi Albertini, The Origins of the War of 1914, 1957 7. Poincare, Joffre, and the Effort to Protect France France after the Second Moroccan Crisis The Impact of Poincare on French Policy Raymond Poincare, Toast to George V, April 21, 1914 Joffre Moves to Revamp French Strategy Joseph Joffre, Memoirs, 1932 Sarajevo, France, and Poincare's Trip to Russia Raymond Poincare, Memoirs, 1927 Le Temps, Austria—Hungary and the Slays, July 2, 1914 Le Figaro, Austrian Nervousness, July 3, 1914 Le Temps, Before the Sarajevo Investigation, July 10, 1914 Raymond Poincare, Memoirs, 1927 Paris without Poincare: The Civilians Retain Control Adolphe Messimy, Memoirs, 1937 Adolphe Messimy, Memoirs, 1937 Poincare Takes Charge Joseph Joffre, Memoirs, 1932 Rene Viviani, Telegram to London, July 31, 1914 Raymond Poincare, Memoirs, 1927 Le Figaro, The Assassination of M. Jaures, August 2, 1914 Le Temps, The Assassination of M. Jaures, August 2, 1914 Joseph Joffre, Orders to the Commanding Generals of the 2nd, 6th, 20th, 21st, 7th Corps and the Cavalry Corps, August 2, 1914, 5:30 P.M. Le Figaro, England Is for Us, August 4, 1914 Le Temps, The Revolt of Europe, August 4, 1914 8. Grey, Wilson, and the Struggle to Commit Britain to War Britain on the Eve of War Henry Asquith, Letter to Venetia Stanley, March 30, 1914 Grey and Britain's Strategic Interests Edward Grey, Memoirs, 1925 Edward Grey, Statement to the House of Commons, June 11, 1914 Edward Grey, Memoirs, 1925 Grey's Initial Response to Sarajevo Edward Grey, Letter to Saint Petersburg, July 8, 1914 The Times, A Fourth Day, July 24, 1914 The Times, Grave News from Ireland, July 27, 1914 Grey after the Habsburg Ultimatum Winston Churchill, The World Crisis, 1911-1914, 1923 Edward Grey, Letter to Paris, July 24, 1914 Wilson Finally Sees a Chance for War 233 Henry Wilson, Diary, March 29, 1914 235 Grey, Cabinet Politics, and the Military Politician 238 Winston Churchill, Letter to George V, July 28, 1914 239 Winston Churchill, Letter to Mrs. Churchill, July 28, 1914, Midnight 239 Henry Wilson, Diary Entries, July 26 to August 1, 1914 240 The Times, Lowering Clouds, July 30, 1914 242 The Times, Waning Hopes, July 31, 1914 243 The Times, Interests and Duty of Great Britain, July 31, 1914 243 The Times, Europe in Arms, August 1, 1914 245 Henry Asquith, Letter to Venetia Stanley, August 1, 1914 246 Belgian Neutrality Becomes the Break Point 247 Henry Asquith, Letter to Venetia Stanley, August 2, 1914, Mid-afternoon 248 The BEF to the Continent: Wilson Continues His Political Campaign 250 Henry Wilson, Diary Entries, August 2 to August 5, 1914 250 Epilogue 257 APPENDIXES A Chronology of the Main Events Leading to the First World War (1870-1914) 261 Key Participants in the July 1914 Crisis 264 Selected Bibliography 266 Index 275 nthdegree books

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